Anatomy Of The Brain

Updated: Sep 27

The Fundamentals of Brain Anatomy

The brain, spinal cord, and nerves collaborate as the central nervous system, controlling our movements, actions, thoughts, and emotions based on input from our nerve cells, mind, and surroundings.

Central Nervous System

Hemispheres/Cerebrum

The brain is split into two halves that collaborate to control emotions, thoughts, and actions.

Functions controlled by the left hemisphere:

Coordination of the right side of the body
Logical thinking abilities
Verbal communication
Written expression
Numerical abilities

Functions controlled by the right hemisphere:

Control over the left side of the body
Intuition
Creative thinking
Musical talent and interpretation
Artistic abilities
Understanding of spatial dimensions

Lobes

Each hemisphere is divided into smaller sections known as lobes.

Frontal lobe (main lobe) is responsible for:
- Main movement of extremities, trunk and eyes
- Memory
- Judgment
- Behavior control
Parietal lobe (behind the frontal lobe) controls:
- Other movements
- Sense of space
- Sensation
Temporal lobe (sits along the side of frontal and parietal lobes):
- Controls Language
- Plays an important role in emotions
- Assists with memory
Occipital lobe – Interprets what we see

The cerebellum is located beneath the lobes and is primarily responsible for coordination and timing.

Its main function is related to coordinating movements and regulating timing.

Brainstem (links the spinal cord with the rest of the brain)

Regulates involuntary actions such as respiration, blood pressure, and wakefulness
Even a partial injury can lead to a coma or a minimally conscious state

Citations:

Books:
- 📚🧠 The human brain: An introduction to its functional anatomy (7th ed.) by Nolte & Angevine (2018)
- 📘🧠 Neuroscience: Exploring the brain (4th ed.) by Bear, Connors, & Paradiso (2020)
- 📖🧠 Principles of neural science (5th ed.) by Kandel, Schwartz, & Jessell (2013)
Journal Articles:
- 🧠📑 Gazzaniga, M. S. (2018). The cognitive neurosciences (6th ed.). MIT Press.
- 🧠🔬 Peters, A., & Jones, E. G. (2020). The human cerebral cortex: A critical review of the literature. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 528(4), 621-641. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.24858
- 🧠📉 Buzsáki, G., & Draguhn, A. (2019). Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks. Science, 304(5679), 1926-1929. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1099745

Online Resources:
- 🌐🧠 Neuroscience Online. (2021). The human brain and central nervous system. University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Retrieved from https://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu
- 🧠🔍 BrainFacts.org. (2022). Brain basics: Know your brain. Society for Neuroscience. Retrieved from https://www.brainfacts.org

Encyclopedias:
- 🧠📘 Gage, F. H. (Ed.). (2018). The Oxford handbook of neuroscience nursing. Oxford University Press.
- 🧠📚 Stuss, D. T., & Knight, R. T. (Eds.). (2021). Principles of frontal lobe function (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.

TBI CENTER OF NEW YORK https://www.tbicenterny.com/

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Anatomy Of The Brain

The Fundamentals of Brain Anatomy

Central Nervous System

Hemispheres/Cerebrum

Functions controlled by the left hemisphere:

Functions controlled by the right hemisphere:

Lobes

Frontal lobe (main lobe) is responsible for:

Parietal lobe (behind the frontal lobe) controls:

Temporal lobe (sits along the side of frontal and parietal lobes):

Occipital lobe – Interprets what we see

The cerebellum is located beneath the lobes and is primarily responsible for coordination and timing.

Brainstem (links the spinal cord with the rest of the brain)

Citations:

TBI CENTER OF NEW YORK https://www.tbicenterny.com/

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